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Al-Mujadilah - 58:16
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The statement of Allah the Exalted
اتَّخَذُوا أَيْمَانَهُمْ جُنَّةً فَصَدُّوا عَن سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ
They have made their oaths a screen. Thus they hinder (others) from the path of Allah, meaning, the hypocrites pretended to be believers and concealed disbelief under the shield of their false oaths. Many were unaware of their true stance and were thus deceived by their oaths. Because of this, some people were hindered from the Path of Allah
فَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ مُّهِينٌ
so they shall have a humiliating torment. Meaning, as recompense for belittling the significance of swearing by the Mighty Name of Allah, while lying and concealing betrayal.
Al-Mujadilah - 58:17
Allah the Exalted said
لَن تُغْنِيَ عَنْهُمْ أَمْوَالُهُمْ وَلَا أَوْلَادُهُم مِّنَ اللَّهِ شَيْيًا
Their children and their wealth will avail them nothing against Allah. Meaning, none of their possessions can avert the affliction when it is sent their way,
أُوْلَيِكَ أَصْحَابُ النَّارِ هُمْ فِيهَا خَالِدُونَ
They will be the dwellers of the Fire to dwell therein forever.
Al-Mujadilah - 58:18
Allah the Exalted said
يَوْمَ يَبْعَثُهُمُ اللَّهُ جَمِيعًا
On the Day when Allah will resurrect them all together; referring to the Day of Resurrection when He will gather them all together and leave none of them out,
فَيَحْلِفُونَ لَهُ كَمَا يَحْلِفُونَ لَكُمْ وَيَحْسَبُونَ أَنَّهُمْ عَلَى شَيْءٍ
then they will swear to Him as they swear to you. And they think that they have something. Meaning, they will swear to Allah the Exalted and Most Honored that they were following the guidance and the correct path, just as they used to swear to the believers in this worldly life. Verily, those who live following on a certain path will most likely die while on it. Thus, they will be resurrected upon their path. The hypocrites will think that their vows will help them with Allah, just as they helped with the people, who were obliged to treat them as they pretended to be, Muslim. This is why Allah said,
وَيَحْسَبُونَ أَنَّهُمْ عَلَى شَيْءٍ
(And they think that they have something), meaning, on account of swearing to their Lord (that they used to be believers).
Allah rebukes this idea of theirs;
أَلَا إِنَّهُمْ هُمُ الْكَاذِبُونَ
Verily, they are liars! Stressing that they are lying,
Al-Mujadilah - 58:19
Allah then said
اسْتَحْوَذَ عَلَيْهِمُ الشَّيْطَانُ فَأَنسَاهُمْ ذِكْرَ اللَّهِ
The Shaytan has overpowered them. So he has made them forget the remembrance of Allah. Meaning, Shaytan has taken over their hearts to the point that he made them forget Allah the Exalted and Most Honored. This is what the devil does to those whom he controls.
Abu Dawud recorded that Abu Ad-Darda' said that he heard the Messenger of Allah say,
مَا مِنْ ثَلَاثَةٍ فِي قَرْيَةٍ وَلَاا بَدْوٍ لَاا تُقَامُ فِيهِمُ الصَّلَاةُ إِلاَّ قَدِ اسْتَحْوَذَ عَلَيْهِمُ الشَّيْطَانُ فَعَلَيْكَ بِالْجَمَاعَةِ فَإِنَّمَا يَأْكُلُ الذِّيْبُ الْقَاصِيَة
Any three in a village or desert among whom the Salah is not called for, will have the Shaytan control them. Therefore, adhere to the Jama'ah, for the wolf eats from the strayed sheep.
Za'idah added that As-Sa'ib said that Jama'ah, refers to, "Praying in congregation."
Allah the Exalted said,
أُوْلَيِكَ حِزْبُ الشَّيْطَانِ
They are the party of Shaytan. Referring to those who are controlled by the devil and, as a result, forgot the remembrance of Allah,
أَلَا إِنَّ حِزْبَ الشَّيْطَانِ هُمُ الْخَاسِرُونَ
Verily, it is the party of Shaytan that will be the losers!
Al-Mujadilah - 58:20
The Opponents of Allah and His Messenger are the Losers;
Allah warns,
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يُحَادُّونَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ أُوْلَيِكَ فِي الَاذَلِّينَ
Those who oppose Allah and His Messenger, they will be among those most humiliated.
Allah and His Messenger shall prevail. Allah the Exalted asserts that the rebellious and stubborn disbelievers who defy Him and His Messenger, those who do not embrace the religion and stay away from Truth, are in one area, while the guidance is in another area,
أُوْلَيِكَ فِي الَاذَلِّين
They will be among those most humiliated. They are among the miserable, the cast out, banished from goodness; they are the humiliated ones in this life and the Hereafter.
Al-Mujadilah - 58:21
Allah said
كَتَبَ اللَّهُ لَاَغْلِبَنَّ أَنَا وَرُسُلِي
Allah has decreed:"Verily, I and My Messengers shall be the victorious." Meaning, He has decreed, written in the First Book, and decided in the decree that He has willed -- which can never be resisted, changed or prevented -- that final victory is for Him, His Book, His Messengers and the faithful believers, in this life and the Hereafter:
إِنَّ الْعَـقِبَةَ لِلْمُتَّقِينَ
Surely, the (good) end is for those who have Taqwa. (11:49)
إِنَّا لَنَنصُرُ رُسُلَنَا وَالَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ فِى الْحَيَوةِ الدُّنْيَا وَيَوْمَ يَقُومُ الاٌّشْهَـدُ
يَوْمَ لَا يَنفَعُ الظَّـلِمِينَ مَعْذِرَتُهُمْ وَلَهُمُ الْلَّعْنَةُ وَلَهُمْ سُوءُ الدَّارِ
Verily, We will indeed make victorious Our Messengers and those who believe in the life of this world and on the Day when the witnesses will stand forth, the Day when their excuses will be of no profit to the wrongdoers. Theirs will be the curse, and theirs will be the evil abode. (40:51-52)
Allah said here,
كَتَبَ اللَّهُ لَاَغْلِبَنَّ أَنَا وَرُسُلِي إِنَّ اللَّهَ قَوِيٌّ عَزِيزٌ
Allah has decreed:"Verily, I and My Messengers shall be the victorious." Verily, Allah is All-Powerful, Almighty. Meaning, the Almighty, All-Powerful has decreed that He shall prevail over His enemies. Indeed, this is the final judgement and a matter ordained; the final triumph and victory are for the believers in this life and the Hereafter.
Al-Mujadilah - 58:22
The Believers do not befriend the Disbelievers
Allah the Exalted said
لَاا تَجِدُ قَوْمًا يُوْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الاْاخِرِ يُوَادُّونَ
مَنْ حَادَّ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ وَلَوْ كَانُوا ابَاءهُمْ أَوْ أَبْنَاءهُمْ أَوْ إِخْوَانَهُمْ أَوْ عَشِيرَتَهُمْ
You will not find any people who believe in Allah and the Last Day, making friendship with those who oppose Allah and His Messenger, even though they were their fathers or their sons or their brothers or their kindred.
Meaning, do not befriend the deniers, even if they are among the closest relatives.
Allah said,
لااَّ يَتَّخِذِ الْمُوْمِنُونَ الْكَـفِرِينَ أَوْلِيَأءَ مِن دُونِ الْمُوْمِنِينَ وَمَن يَفْعَلْ ذَلِكَ فَلَيْسَ مِنَ اللَّهِ فِي شَىْءٍ إِلَا أَن تَتَّقُواْ مِنْهُمْ تُقَـةً وَيُحَذِّرْكُمُ اللَّهُ نَفْسَهُ
Let not the believers take the disbelievers as friends instead of the believers, and whoever does that will never be helped by Allah in any way, except if you indeed fear a danger from them. And Allah warns you against Himself. (3:28),
and,
قُلْ إِن كَانَ ءَابَاوُكُمْ وَأَبْنَأوُكُمْ وَإِخْوَنُكُمْ وَأَزْوَجُكُمْ وَعَشِيرَتُكُمْ وَأَمْوَلٌ اقْتَرَفْتُمُوهَا وَتِجَـرَةٌ تَخْشَوْنَ كَسَادَهَا وَمَسَـكِنُ تَرْضَوْنَهَأ أَحَبَّ إِلَيْكُمْ مِّنَ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ وَجِهَادٍ فِي سَبِيلِهِ فَتَرَبَّصُواْ حَتَّى يَأْتِىَ اللَّهُ بِأَمْرِهِ وَاللَّهُ لَا يَهْدِى الْقَوْمَ الْفَـسِقِينَ
Say:If your fathers, your sons, your brothers, your wives, your kindred, the wealth that you have gained, the commerce in which you fear a decline, and the dwellings in which you delight are dearer to you than Allah and His Messenger, and striving hard and fighting in His cause, then wait until Allah brings about His decision (torment).
And Allah guides not the people who are the rebellious. (9:24)
Sa'id bin 'Abdul-'Aziz and others said that this Ayah,
لَاا تَجِدُ قَوْمًا يُوْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الاْاخِرِ
You will not find any people who believe in Allah and the Last Day... Was revealed in the case of Abu Ubaydah Amir bin Abdullah bin Al-Jarrah when he killed his disbelieving father, during the battle of Badr. This is why when Umar bin Al-Khattab placed the matter of Khilafah in the consultation of six men after him, he said; "If Abu Ubaydah were alive, I would have appointed him the Khalifah."
It was also said that the Ayah,
وَلَوْ كَانُوا ابَاءهُمْ
(even though they were their fathers), was revealed in the case of Abu Ubaydah, when he killed his father during the battle of Badr, while the Ayah,
أَوْ أَبْنَاءهُمْ
(or their sons) was revealed in the case of Abu Bakr As-Siddiq when he intended to kill his (disbelieving) son, Abdur-Rahman, (during Badr), while the Ayah,
أَوْ إِخْوَانَهُمْ
(or their brothers) was revealed about the case of Mus'ab bin 'Umayr, who killed his brother, Ubayd bin Umayr, during Badr, and that the Ayah,
أَوْ عَشِيرَتَهُمْ
(or their kindred) was revealed about the case of Umar, who killed one of his relatives during Badr, and also that this Ayah was revealed in the case of Hamzah, Ali and Ubaydah bin Al-Harith. They killed their close relatives Utbah, Shaybah and Al-Walid bin Utbah that day.
Allah knows best.
A similar matter is when Allah's Messenger consulted with his Companions about what should be done with the captives of Badr.
Abu Bakr As-Siddiq thought that they should accept ransom for them so the Muslims could use the money to strengthen themselves. He mentioned the fact that the captured were the cousins and the kindred, and that they might embrace Islam later on, by Allah's help.
Umar said, "But I have a different opinion, O Allah's Messenger! Let me kill so-and-so, my relative, and let Ali kill Aqil (Ali's brother), and so-and-so kill so-and-so. Let us make it known to Allah that we have no mercy in our hearts for the idolators."
Allah said,
أُوْلَيِكَ كَتَبَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمُ الاِْيمَانَ وَأَيَّدَهُم بِرُوحٍ مِّنْهُ
For such He has written faith in their hearts, and strengthened them with Ruh from Himself. Means, those who have the quality of not befriending those who oppose Allah and His Messenger, even if they are their fathers or brothers, are those whom Allah has decreed faith, meaning, happiness, in their hearts and made faith dear to their hearts and happiness reside therein.
As-Suddi said that the Ayah,
كَتَبَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمُ الاِْيمَانَ
(He has written faith in their hearts), means,
"He has placed faith in their hearts."
Ibn Abbas said that,
وَأَيَّدَهُم بِرُوحٍ مِّنْهُ
(and strengthened them with Ruh from Himself), means,
"He gave them strengths."
Allah's statement,
وَيُدْخِلُهُمْ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي مِن تَحْتِهَا الاَْنْهَارُ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا
رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ وَرَضُوا عَنْهُ
And He will admit them to Gardens under which rivers flow, to dwell therein. Allah is well pleased with them, and they are well pleased with Him.
Was explained several times before.
Allah's statement,
رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ وَرَضُوا عَنْهُ
Allah is well pleased with them, and they are well pleased with Him. Contains a beautiful secret. When the believers became enraged against their relatives and kindred in Allah's cause, He compensated them by being pleased with them and making them pleased with Him from what He has granted them of eternal delight, ultimate victory and encompassing favor.
Allah's statement,
أُوْلَيِكَ حِزْبُ اللَّهِ
أَلَا إِنَّ حِزْبَ اللَّهِ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ
They are the party of Allah. Verily, the party of Allah will be the successful.
Indicates that they are the party of Allah, meaning, His servants who are worthy of earning His honor.
Allah's statement,
أَلَا إِنَّ حِزْبَ اللَّهِ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ
(Verily, the party of Allah will be the successful), asserts their success, happiness and triumph in this life and the Hereafter, in contrast to those, who are the party of the devil,
أَلَا إِنَّ حِزْبَ الشَّيْطَانِ هُمُ الْخَاسِرُونَ
(Verily, the party of Shaytan will be the losers!)
This is the end of the Tafsir of Surah Al-Mujadilah. All praise and thanks are due to Allah
