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Ad-Dhuhaa - 93:1
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The Reason for the Revelation of Surah Ad-Duha
Imam Ahmad recorded from Jundub that he said, "The Prophet became ill, so he did not stand for prayer for a night or two. Then a woman came and said, 'O Muhammad! I think that your devil has finally left you.'
So Allah revealed,
وَالضُّحَى
By the forenoon.
وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَى
By the night when it darkens.
مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَى
Your Lord has neither forsaken you nor hates you.
Al-Bukhari, Muslim, At-Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i, Ibn Abi Hatim and Ibn Jarir, all recorded this Hadith.
This Jundub (who narrated it) is Ibn 'Abdullah Al-Bajali Al-'Alaqi. In a narration from Al-Aswad bin Qays, he said that he heard Jundub say that Jibril was slow in coming to the Messenger of Allah . So the idolators said, "Muhammad's Lord has abandoned him."
So Allah revealed,
وَالضُّحَى
By the forenoon.
وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَى
By the night when it darkens.
Ad-Dhuhaa - 93:2
مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَى
Your Lord has neither forsaken you nor hates you.
Ad-Dhuhaa - 93:3
Al-'Awfi reported from Ibn Abbas, "When the Qur'an was revealed to the Messenger of Allah, Jibril was delayed from coming to him for a number of days (on one occasion). Therefore, the Messenger of Allah was affected by this. Then the idolators began to say, 'His Lord has abandoned him and hates him.' So Allah revealed,
مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَى
Your Lord has neither forsaken you nor hates you."
In this, Allah is swearing by the forenoon and the light that He has placed in it.
وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَى
By the night when it darkens (Saja).
meaning, it settles, darkens and overcomes them.
This was said by Mujahid, Qatadah, Ad-Dahhak, Ibn Zayd and others. This is a clear proof of the power of the Creator of this (light) and that (darkness).
This is as Allah says,
وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا يَغْشَى
By the night as it envelops.
وَالنَّهَارِ إِذَا تَجَلَّى
By the Day as it appears. (92:1-2)
Allah also says,
فَالِقُ الاِصْبَاحِ وَجَعَلَ الَّيْلَ سَكَناً وَالشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ حُسْبَاناً ذَلِكَ تَقْدِيرُ الْعَزِيزِ الْعَلِيمِ
(He is the) Cleaver of the daybreak. He has appointed the night for resting, and the sun and the moon for reckoning. Such is the measuring of the Almighty, the All-Knowing. (6:96)
Allah then says,
مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ
Your Lord has neither forsaken you, meaning, 'He has not abandoned you.'
وَمَا قَلَى
nor hates (Qala) you. meaning, 'He does not hate you.'
Ad-Dhuhaa - 93:4
The Hereafter is Better Than This First Life
وَلَلْخِرَةُ خَيْرٌ لَّكَ مِنَ الاُْولَى
And indeed the Hereafter is better for you than the present.
Meaning, the abode of the Hereafter is better for you than this current abode.
For this reason the Messenger of Allah used to be the most abstinent of the people concerning the worldly things, and he was the greatest of them in his disregard for worldly matters. This is well known by necessity from his biography. When the Prophet was given the choice at the end of his life between remaining in this life forever and then going to Paradise, or moving on to the company of Allah, he chose that which is with Allah over this lowly world. Imam Ahmad recorded that Abdullah bin Mas'ud said, "The Messenger of Allah was lying down on a straw mat and it left marks on his side. Then when he woke up he began to rub his side. So I said, 'O Messenger of Allah! Will you allow us to spread something soft over this straw mat'
He replied,
مَالِي وَلِلدُّنْيَا إِنَّمَا مَثَلِي وَمَثَلُ الدُّنْيَا كَرَاكِبٍ ظَلَّ تَحْتَ شَجَرَةٍ ثُمَّ رَاحَ وَتَرَكَهَا
I have nothing to do with this world. The parable of me and this world is like a rider who rests in the shade of a tree, then he passes on and leaves it."
At-Tirmidhi and Ibn Majah both recorded this Hadith by way of Al-Mas'udi.
At-Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih."
The Numerous Bounties of the Hereafter are waiting for the Messenger of Allah
Then Allah says,
وَلَسَوْفَ يُعْطِيكَ رَبُّكَ فَتَرْضَى
And verily, your Lord will give you so that you shall be well-pleased.
Meaning, in the final abode Allah will give him until He pleases him concerning his followers, and in that which He has prepared for him from His generosity.
From this will be the River of Al-Kawthar, which will have domes of hollowed pearls on its banks, and the mud on its banks will be the strongest fragrance of musk, as will be mentioned.
Imam Abu 'Amr Al-Awza'i recorded that Ibn 'Abbas said, "The Messenger of Allah was shown that which his Ummah would be blessed with after him, treasure upon treasure. So he was pleased with that. Then Allah revealed,
وَلَسَوْفَ يُعْطِيكَ رَبُّكَ فَتَرْضَى
(And verily, your Lord will give you so that you shall be well-pleased).
So, Allah will give him in Paradise one million palaces, and each palace will contain whatever he wishes of wives and servants."
This was recorded by Ibn Jarir and Ibn Abi Hatim from his route of transmission. This chain of narration is authentic to Ibn 'Abbas, and statements like this can only be said from that which is Tawqif.
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