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Ad-Dhuhaa - 93:6
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A Mention of some of Allah's Favors upon the Messenger Enumerating His Favours upon His Messenger, Muhammad
Allah says;
أَلَمْ يَجِدْكَ يَتِيمًا فَأوَى
Did He not find you an orphan and gave you a refuge?
This refers to the fact that
- his father died while his mother was still pregnant with him,
- and his mother, Aminah bint Wahb died when he was only six years old.
- After this he was under the guardianship of his grandfather, Abdul-Muttalib, until he died when Muhammad was eight years old.
- Then his uncle, Abu Talib took responsibility for him and continued to protect him, assist him, elevate his status, honor him, and even restrain his people from harming him.
When he was forty years of age and Allah commissioned him with the Prophethood. Even with this, Abu Talib continued to follow the religion of his people, worshipping idols. All of this took place by the divine decree of Allah and His decree is most excellent. Until Abu Talib died a short time before the Hijrah.
After this (Abu Talib's death) the foolish and ignorant people of the Quraysh began to attack him, so Allah chose for him to migrate away from them to the city of Al-Aws and Al-Khazraj among those who helped him (in Al-Madinah). Allah caused his Sunnah to be spread in the most perfect and complete manner. Then, when he arrived at their city, they gave him shelter, supported him, defended him and fought before him (against the enemies of Islam) -- may Allah be pleased with all of them. All of this was from Allah's protection for him, guarding over him and caring for him.
Ad-Dhuhaa - 93:7
Then Allah says,
وَوَجَدَكَ ضَالاًّ فَهَدَى
He found you unaware and guided you.
This is similar to Allah's saying,
وَكَذَلِكَ أَوْحَيْنَأ إِلَيْكَ رُوحاً مِّنْ أَمْرِنَا مَا كُنتَ تَدْرِى مَا الْكِتَـبُ وَلَا الاِيمَـنُ وَلَـكِن جَعَلْنَـهُ نُوراً نَّهْدِى بِهِ مَن نَّشَأءُ مِنْ عِبَادِنَا
And thus We have sent to you a Ruh from Our command. you knew not what is the Book, nor what is Faith. But We have made it a light wherewith We guide whosoever of our servants We will... (42:52)
Ad-Dhuhaa - 93:8
Allah says,
وَوَجَدَكَ عَايِلً فَأَغْنَى
And He found you poor and made you rich.
Meaning, 'you were poor having dependents, so Allah made you wealthy and independent of all others besides Him.'
Thus, Allah combined for him the two positions:
- the one who is poor and patient,
- and the one who is wealthy and thankful.
In the Two Sahihs it has been recorded from Abu Hurayrah that the Messenger of Allah said,
لَيْسَ الْغِنَى عَنْ كَثْرَةِ الْعَرَضِ وَلَكِنَّ الْغِنَى غِنَى النَّفْس
Wealth is not determined by abundance of possessions, but wealth is the richness of the soul.
In Sahih Muslim, it is recorded from Abdullah bin Amr that the Messenger of Allah said,
قَدْ أَفْلَحَ مَنْ أَسْلَمَ وَرُزِقَ كَفَافًا وَقَنَّعَهُ اللهُ بِمَا اتَاه
Whoever accepts Islam, is provided with his basic needs, and Allah makes him content with what He has given him, then he will be successful.
Ad-Dhuhaa - 93:9
How should this Bounty be responded to
Then Allah says,
فَأَمَّا الْيَتِيمَ فَلَأ تَقْهَرْ
Therefore, treat not the orphan with oppression.
Meaning, 'just as you were an orphan and Allah sheltered you, then do not oppress the orphan.'
In other words, 'do not humiliate him, scorn him or despise him. Rather, you should be kind and gentle to him.'
Qatadah said, "Be like a merciful father to the orphan."
Ad-Dhuhaa - 93:10
وَأَمَّا السَّايِلَ فَلَأ تَنْهَرْ
And repulse not the one who asks.
Meaning, 'just as you were astray and Allah guided you, then do not scorn the one who asks for knowledge seeking to be guided.'
Ibn Ishaq said,
وَأَمَّا السَّأيِلَ فَلَ تَنْهَرْ
(And repulse not the one who asks).
"This means do not be oppressive, arrogant, wicked, or mean to the weak among Allah's servants."
Qatadah said, "This means respond to the poor with mercy and gentleness."
Ad-Dhuhaa - 93:11
وَأَمَّا بِنِعْمَةِ رَبِّكَ فَحَدِّثْ
And proclaim the grace of your Lord.
Meaning, 'just as you were poor and needy, and Allah made you wealthy, then tell about Allah's favor upon you.'
Abu Dawud recorded from Abu Hurayrah that the Prophet said,
لَاا يَشْكُرُ اللهَ مَنْ لَاا يَشْكُرُ النَّاس
Whoever is not thankful to the people, then he is not thankful to Allah.
At-Tirmidhi also recorded this Hadith and he said, "Sahih".
Abu Dawud recorded from Jabir that the Prophet said,
مَنْ أُبْلِيَ بَلَءً فَذَكَرَهُ فَقَدْ شَكَرَهُ وَمَنْ كَتَمَهُ فَقَدْ كَفَرَه
Whoever overcomes some test (i.e., calamity) and mentions it (to others), then he is indeed thankful. And whoever conceals it, then indeed he was ungrateful.
Abu Dawud was alone in recording this Hadith.
This is the end of the Tafsir of Surah Ad-Dhuhaa, and unto Allah is due all praise and thanks
